=================
== The Archive ==
=================

[Kotlin Coroutines] 16장. 채널

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introduction

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public interface SendChannel<in E> {
    /**
     * Returns `true` if this channel was closed by an invocation of [close] or its receiving side was [cancelled][ReceiveChannel.cancel].
     * This means that calling [send] will result in an exception.
     *
     * Note that if this property returns `false`, it does not guarantee that consecutive call to [send] will succeed, as the
     * channel can be concurrently closed right after the check. For such scenarios, it is recommended to use [trySend] instead.
     *
     * @see SendChannel.trySend
     * @see SendChannel.close
     * @see ReceiveChannel.cancel
     */
    @DelicateCoroutinesApi
    public val isClosedForSend: Boolean

    /**
     * Sends the specified [element] to this channel, suspending the caller while the buffer of this channel is full
     * or if it does not exist, or throws an exception if the channel [is closed for `send`][isClosedForSend] (see [close] for details).
     *
     * [Closing][close] a channel _after_ this function has suspended does not cause this suspended [send] invocation
     * to abort, because closing a channel is conceptually like sending a special "close token" over this channel.
     * All elements sent over the channel are delivered in first-in first-out order. The sent element
     * will be delivered to receivers before the close token.
     *
     * This suspending function is cancellable. If the [Job] of the current coroutine is cancelled or completed while this
     * function is suspended, this function immediately resumes with a [CancellationException].
     * There is a **prompt cancellation guarantee**. If the job was cancelled while this function was
     * suspended, it will not resume successfully. The `send` call can send the element to the channel,
     * but then throw [CancellationException], thus an exception should not be treated as a failure to deliver the element.
     * See "Undelivered elements" section in [Channel] documentation for details on handling undelivered elements.
     *
     * Note that this function does not check for cancellation when it is not suspended.
     * Use [yield] or [CoroutineScope.isActive] to periodically check for cancellation in tight loops if needed.
     *
     * This function can be used in [select] invocations with the [onSend] clause.
     * Use [trySend] to try sending to this channel without waiting.
     */
    public suspend fun send(element: E)

    /**
     * Clause for the [select] expression of the [send] suspending function that selects when the element that is specified
     * as the parameter is sent to the channel. When the clause is selected, the reference to this channel
     * is passed into the corresponding block.
     *
     * The [select] invocation fails with an exception if the channel [is closed for `send`][isClosedForSend] (see [close] for details).
     */
    public val onSend: SelectClause2<E, SendChannel<E>>

    /**
     * Immediately adds the specified [element] to this channel, if this doesn't violate its capacity restrictions,
     * and returns the successful result. Otherwise, returns failed or closed result.
     * This is synchronous variant of [send], which backs off in situations when `send` suspends or throws.
     *
     * When `trySend` call returns a non-successful result, it guarantees that the element was not delivered to the consumer, and
     * it does not call `onUndeliveredElement` that was installed for this channel.
     * See "Undelivered elements" section in [Channel] documentation for details on handling undelivered elements.
     */
    public fun trySend(element: E): ChannelResult<Unit>

    /**
     * Closes this channel.
     * This is an idempotent operation &mdash; subsequent invocations of this function have no effect and return `false`.
     * Conceptually, it sends a special "close token" over this channel.
     *
     * Immediately after invocation of this function,
     * [isClosedForSend] starts returning `true`. However, [isClosedForReceive][ReceiveChannel.isClosedForReceive]
     * on the side of [ReceiveChannel] starts returning `true` only after all previously sent elements
     * are received.
     *
     * A channel that was closed without a [cause] throws a [ClosedSendChannelException] on attempts to [send]
     * and [ClosedReceiveChannelException] on attempts to [receive][ReceiveChannel.receive].
     * A channel that was closed with non-null [cause] is called a _failed_ channel. Attempts to send or
     * receive on a failed channel throw the specified [cause] exception.
     */
    public fun close(cause: Throwable? = null): Boolean

    /**
     * Registers a [handler] which is synchronously invoked once the channel is [closed][close]
     * or the receiving side of this channel is [cancelled][ReceiveChannel.cancel].
     * Only one handler can be attached to a channel during its lifetime.
     * The `handler` is invoked when [isClosedForSend] starts to return `true`.
     * If the channel is closed already, the handler is invoked immediately.
     *
     * The meaning of `cause` that is passed to the handler:
     * - `null` if the channel was closed normally without the corresponding argument.
     * - Instance of [CancellationException] if the channel was cancelled normally without the corresponding argument.
     * - The cause of `close` or `cancel` otherwise.
     *
     * ### Execution context and exception safety
     *
     * The [handler] is executed as part of the closing or cancelling operation, and only after the channel reaches its final state.
     * This means that if the handler throws an exception or hangs, the channel will still be successfully closed or cancelled.
     * Unhandled exceptions from [handler] are propagated to the closing or cancelling operation's caller.
     *
     * Example of usage:
     * ```
     * val events = Channel<Event>(UNLIMITED)
     * callbackBasedApi.registerCallback { event ->
     *   events.trySend(event)
     *       .onClosed { /* channel is already closed, but the callback hasn't stopped yet */ }
     * }
     *
     * val uiUpdater = uiScope.launch(Dispatchers.Main) {
     *    events.consume { /* handle events */ }
     * }
     * // Stop the callback after the channel is closed or cancelled
     * events.invokeOnClose { callbackBasedApi.stop() }
     * ```
     *
     * **Stability note.** This function constitutes a stable API surface, with the only exception being
     * that an [IllegalStateException] is thrown when multiple handlers are registered.
     * This restriction could be lifted in the future.
     *
     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the underlying channel does not support [invokeOnClose].
     * Implementation note: currently, [invokeOnClose] is unsupported only by Rx-like integrations
     *
     * @throws IllegalStateException if another handler was already registered
     */
    public fun invokeOnClose(handler: (cause: Throwable?) -> Unit)

    /**
     * **Deprecated** offer method.
     *
     * This method was deprecated in the favour of [trySend].
     * It has proven itself as the most error-prone method in Channel API:
     *
     * * `Boolean` return type creates the false sense of security, implying that `false`
     *    is returned instead of throwing an exception.
     * * It was used mostly from non-suspending APIs where CancellationException triggered
     *   internal failures in the application (the most common source of bugs).
     * * Due to signature and explicit `if (ch.offer(...))` checks it was easy to
     *   oversee such error during code review.
     * * Its name was not aligned with the rest of the API and tried to mimic Java's queue instead.
     *
     * **NB** Automatic migration provides best-effort for the user experience, but requires removal
     * or adjusting of the code that relied on the exception handling.
     * The complete replacement has a more verbose form:
     * ```
     * channel.trySend(element)
     *     .onClosed { throw it ?: ClosedSendChannelException("Channel was closed normally") }
     *     .isSuccess
     * ```
     *
     * See https://github.com/Kotlin/kotlinx.coroutines/issues/974 for more context.
     *
     * @suppress **Deprecated**.
     */
    @Deprecated(
        level = DeprecationLevel.ERROR,
        message = "Deprecated in the favour of 'trySend' method",
        replaceWith = ReplaceWith("trySend(element).isSuccess")
    ) // Warning since 1.5.0, error since 1.6.0, not hidden until 1.8+ because API is quite widespread
    public fun offer(element: E): Boolean {
        val result = trySend(element)
        if (result.isSuccess) return true
        throw recoverStackTrace(result.exceptionOrNull() ?: return false)
    }
}
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/**
 * Receiver's interface to [Channel].
 */
public interface ReceiveChannel<out E> {
    /**
     * Returns `true` if this channel was closed by invocation of [close][SendChannel.close] on the [SendChannel]
     * side and all previously sent items were already received, or if the receiving side was [cancelled][ReceiveChannel.cancel].
     *
     * This means that calling [receive] will result in a [ClosedReceiveChannelException] or a corresponding cancellation cause.
     * If the channel was closed because of an exception, it is considered closed, too, but is called a _failed_ channel.
     * All suspending attempts to receive an element from a failed channel throw the original [close][SendChannel.close] cause exception.
     *
     * Note that if this property returns `false`, it does not guarantee that consecutive call to [receive] will succeed, as the
     * channel can be concurrently closed right after the check. For such scenarios, it is recommended to use [receiveCatching] instead.
     *
     * @see ReceiveChannel.receiveCatching
     * @see ReceiveChannel.cancel
     * @see SendChannel.close
     */
    @DelicateCoroutinesApi
    public val isClosedForReceive: Boolean

    /**
     * Returns `true` if the channel is empty (contains no elements), which means that an attempt to [receive] will suspend.
     * This function returns `false` if the channel [is closed for `receive`][isClosedForReceive].
     */
    @ExperimentalCoroutinesApi
    public val isEmpty: Boolean

    /**
     * Retrieves and removes an element from this channel if it's not empty, or suspends the caller while the channel is empty,
     * or throws a [ClosedReceiveChannelException] if the channel [is closed for `receive`][isClosedForReceive].
     * If the channel was closed because of an exception, it is called a _failed_ channel and this function
     * will throw the original [close][SendChannel.close] cause exception.
     *
     * This suspending function is cancellable. If the [Job] of the current coroutine is cancelled or completed while this
     * function is suspended, this function immediately resumes with a [CancellationException].
     * There is a **prompt cancellation guarantee**. If the job was cancelled while this function was
     * suspended, it will not resume successfully. The `receive` call can retrieve the element from the channel,
     * but then throw [CancellationException], thus failing to deliver the element.
     * See "Undelivered elements" section in [Channel] documentation for details on handling undelivered elements.
     *
     * Note that this function does not check for cancellation when it is not suspended.
     * Use [yield] or [CoroutineScope.isActive] to periodically check for cancellation in tight loops if needed.
     *
     * This function can be used in [select] invocations with the [onReceive] clause.
     * Use [tryReceive] to try receiving from this channel without waiting.
     */
    public suspend fun receive(): E

    /**
     * Clause for the [select] expression of the [receive] suspending function that selects with the element
     * received from the channel.
     * The [select] invocation fails with an exception if the channel
     * [is closed for `receive`][isClosedForReceive] (see [close][SendChannel.close] for details).
     */
    public val onReceive: SelectClause1<E>

    /**
     * Retrieves and removes an element from this channel if it's not empty, or suspends the caller while this channel is empty.
     * This method returns [ChannelResult] with the value of an element successfully retrieved from the channel
     * or the close cause if the channel was closed. Closed cause may be `null` if the channel was closed normally.
     * The result cannot be [failed][ChannelResult.isFailure] without being [closed][ChannelResult.isClosed].
     *
     * This suspending function is cancellable. If the [Job] of the current coroutine is cancelled or completed while this
     * function is suspended, this function immediately resumes with a [CancellationException].
     * There is a **prompt cancellation guarantee**. If the job was cancelled while this function was
     * suspended, it will not resume successfully. The `receiveCatching` call can retrieve the element from the channel,
     * but then throw [CancellationException], thus failing to deliver the element.
     * See "Undelivered elements" section in [Channel] documentation for details on handling undelivered elements.
     *
     * Note that this function does not check for cancellation when it is not suspended.
     * Use [yield] or [CoroutineScope.isActive] to periodically check for cancellation in tight loops if needed.
     *
     * This function can be used in [select] invocations with the [onReceiveCatching] clause.
     * Use [tryReceive] to try receiving from this channel without waiting.
     */
    public suspend fun receiveCatching(): ChannelResult<E>

    /**
     * Clause for the [select] expression of the [onReceiveCatching] suspending function that selects with the [ChannelResult] with a value
     * that is received from the channel or with a close cause if the channel
     * [is closed for `receive`][isClosedForReceive].
     */
    public val onReceiveCatching: SelectClause1<ChannelResult<E>>

    /**
     * Retrieves and removes an element from this channel if it's not empty, returning a [successful][ChannelResult.success]
     * result, returns [failed][ChannelResult.failed] result if the channel is empty, and [closed][ChannelResult.closed]
     * result if the channel is closed.
     */
    public fun tryReceive(): ChannelResult<E>

    /**
     * Returns a new iterator to receive elements from this channel using a `for` loop.
     * Iteration completes normally when the channel [is closed for `receive`][isClosedForReceive] without a cause and
     * throws the original [close][SendChannel.close] cause exception if the channel has _failed_.
     */
    public operator fun iterator(): ChannelIterator<E>

    /**
     * Cancels reception of remaining elements from this channel with an optional [cause].
     * This function closes the channel and removes all buffered sent elements from it.
     *
     * A cause can be used to specify an error message or to provide other details on
     * the cancellation reason for debugging purposes.
     * If the cause is not specified, then an instance of [CancellationException] with a
     * default message is created to [close][SendChannel.close] the channel.
     *
     * Immediately after invocation of this function [isClosedForReceive] and
     * [isClosedForSend][SendChannel.isClosedForSend]
     * on the side of [SendChannel] start returning `true`. Any attempt to send to or receive from this channel
     * will lead to a [CancellationException].
     */
    public fun cancel(cause: CancellationException? = null)

    /**
     * @suppress This method implements old version of JVM ABI. Use [cancel].
     */
    @Deprecated(level = DeprecationLevel.HIDDEN, message = "Since 1.2.0, binary compatibility with versions <= 1.1.x")
    public fun cancel(): Unit = cancel(null)

    /**
     * @suppress This method has bad semantics when cause is not a [CancellationException]. Use [cancel].
     */
    @Deprecated(level = DeprecationLevel.HIDDEN, message = "Since 1.2.0, binary compatibility with versions <= 1.1.x")
    public fun cancel(cause: Throwable? = null): Boolean

    /**
     * **Deprecated** poll method.
     *
     * This method was deprecated in the favour of [tryReceive].
     * It has proven itself as error-prone method in Channel API:
     *
     * * Nullable return type creates the false sense of security, implying that `null`
     *    is returned instead of throwing an exception.
     * * It was used mostly from non-suspending APIs where CancellationException triggered
     *   internal failures in the application (the most common source of bugs).
     * * Its name was not aligned with the rest of the API and tried to mimic Java's queue instead.
     *
     * See https://github.com/Kotlin/kotlinx.coroutines/issues/974 for more context.
     *
     * ### Replacement note
     *
     * The replacement `tryReceive().getOrNull()` is a default that ignores all close exceptions and
     * proceeds with `null`, while `poll` throws an exception if the channel was closed with an exception.
     * Replacement with the very same 'poll' semantics is `tryReceive().onClosed { if (it != null) throw it }.getOrNull()`
     *
     * @suppress **Deprecated**.
     */
    @Deprecated(
        level = DeprecationLevel.ERROR,
        message = "Deprecated in the favour of 'tryReceive'. " +
            "Please note that the provided replacement does not rethrow channel's close cause as 'poll' did, " +
            "for the precise replacement please refer to the 'poll' documentation",
        replaceWith = ReplaceWith("tryReceive().getOrNull()")
    ) // Warning since 1.5.0, error since 1.6.0, not hidden until 1.8+ because API is quite widespread
    public fun poll(): E? {
        val result = tryReceive()
        if (result.isSuccess) return result.getOrThrow()
        throw recoverStackTrace(result.exceptionOrNull() ?: return null)
    }

    /**
     * This function was deprecated since 1.3.0 and is no longer recommended to use
     * or to implement in subclasses.
     *
     * It had the following pitfalls:
     * - Didn't allow to distinguish 'null' as "closed channel" from "null as a value"
     * - Was throwing if the channel has failed even though its signature may suggest it returns 'null'
     * - It didn't really belong to core channel API and can be exposed as an extension instead.
     *
     * ### Replacement note
     *
     * The replacement `receiveCatching().getOrNull()` is a safe default that ignores all close exceptions and
     * proceeds with `null`, while `receiveOrNull` throws an exception if the channel was closed with an exception.
     * Replacement with the very same `receiveOrNull` semantics is `receiveCatching().onClosed { if (it != null) throw it }.getOrNull()`.
     *
     * @suppress **Deprecated**
     */
    @Suppress("INVISIBLE_REFERENCE", "INVISIBLE_MEMBER")
    @LowPriorityInOverloadResolution
    @Deprecated(
        message = "Deprecated in favor of 'receiveCatching'. " +
            "Please note that the provided replacement does not rethrow channel's close cause as 'receiveOrNull' did, " +
            "for the detailed replacement please refer to the 'receiveOrNull' documentation",
        level = DeprecationLevel.ERROR,
        replaceWith = ReplaceWith("receiveCatching().getOrNull()")
    ) // Warning since 1.3.0, error in 1.5.0, cannot be hidden due to deprecated extensions
    public suspend fun receiveOrNull(): E? = receiveCatching().getOrNull()

    /**
     * This function was deprecated since 1.3.0 and is no longer recommended to use
     * or to implement in subclasses.
     * See [receiveOrNull] documentation.
     *
     * @suppress **Deprecated**: in favor of onReceiveCatching extension.
     */
    @Suppress("DEPRECATION_ERROR")
    @Deprecated(
        message = "Deprecated in favor of onReceiveCatching extension",
        level = DeprecationLevel.ERROR,
        replaceWith = ReplaceWith("onReceiveCatching")
    ) // Warning since 1.3.0, error in 1.5.0, will be hidden or removed in 1.7.0
    public val onReceiveOrNull: SelectClause1<E?> get() = (this as BufferedChannel<E>).onReceiveOrNull
}
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public interface Channel<E> : SendChannel<E>, ReceiveChannel<E> {
    /**
     * Constants for the channel factory function `Channel()`.
     */
    public companion object Factory {
        /**
         * Requests a channel with an unlimited capacity buffer in the `Channel(...)` factory function.
         */
        public const val UNLIMITED: Int = Int.MAX_VALUE

        /**
         * Requests a rendezvous channel in the `Channel(...)` factory function &mdash; a channel that does not have a buffer.
         */
        public const val RENDEZVOUS: Int = 0

        /**
         * Requests a conflated channel in the `Channel(...)` factory function. This is a shortcut to creating
         * a channel with [`onBufferOverflow = DROP_OLDEST`][BufferOverflow.DROP_OLDEST].
         */
        public const val CONFLATED: Int = -1

        /**
         * Requests a buffered channel with the default buffer capacity in the `Channel(...)` factory function.
         * The default capacity for a channel that [suspends][BufferOverflow.SUSPEND] on overflow
         * is 64 and can be overridden by setting [DEFAULT_BUFFER_PROPERTY_NAME] on JVM.
         * For non-suspending channels, a buffer of capacity 1 is used.
         */
        public const val BUFFERED: Int = -2

        // only for internal use, cannot be used with Channel(...)
        internal const val OPTIONAL_CHANNEL = -3

        /**
         * Name of the property that defines the default channel capacity when
         * [BUFFERED] is used as parameter in `Channel(...)` factory function.
         */
        public const val DEFAULT_BUFFER_PROPERTY_NAME: String = "kotlinx.coroutines.channels.defaultBuffer"

        internal val CHANNEL_DEFAULT_CAPACITY = systemProp(DEFAULT_BUFFER_PROPERTY_NAME,
            64, 1, UNLIMITED - 1
        )
    }
}

채널 타입

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@OptIn(ExperimentalCoroutinesApi::class)
suspend fun main(): Unit =
    coroutineScope {
        val channel =
            produce(capacity = Channel.UNLIMITED) {
                repeat(5) { index ->
                    send(index * 2)
                    delay(100)
                    println("Sent")
                }
            }

        delay(1000)
        for (element in channel) {
            println(element)
            delay(1000)
        }
    }

// Sent
// (0.1 sec)
// Sent
// (0.1 sec)
// Sent
// (0.1 sec)
// Sent
// (0.1 sec)
// Sent
// (1 - 4 * 0.1 = 0.6 sec)
// 0
// (1 sec)
// 2
// (1 sec)
// 4
// (1 sec)
// 6
// (1 sec)
// 8
// (1 sec)
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@OptIn(ExperimentalCoroutinesApi::class)
suspend fun main(): Unit =
    coroutineScope {
        val channel =
            produce(capacity = 3) {
                repeat(5) { index ->
                    send(index * 2)
                    delay(100)
                    println("Sent")
                }
            }

        delay(1000)
        for (element in channel) {
            println(element)
            delay(1000)
        }
    }

// Sent
// (0.1 sec)
// Sent
// (0.1 sec)
// Sent
// (1 - 2 * 0.1 = 0.8 sec)
// 0
// Sent
// (1 sec)
// 2
// Sent
// (1 sec)
// 4
// (1 sec)
// 6
// (1 sec)
// 8
// (1 sec)
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@OptIn(ExperimentalCoroutinesApi::class)
suspend fun main(): Unit =
    coroutineScope {
        val channel =
            produce {
                // or produce(capacity = Channel.RENDEZVOUS) {
                // - because Channel.RENDEZVOUS = 0
                repeat(5) { index ->
                    send(index * 2)
                    delay(100)
                    println("Sent")
                }
            }

        delay(1000)
        for (element in channel) {
            println(element)
            delay(1000)
        }
    }

// (1 sec)
// 0
// Sent
// (1 sec)
// 2
// Sent
// (1 sec)
// 4
// Sent
// (1 sec)
// 6
// Sent
// (1 sec)
// 8
// Sent
// (1 sec)
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@OptIn(ExperimentalCoroutinesApi::class)
suspend fun main(): Unit =
    coroutineScope {
        val channel =
            produce(capacity = Channel.CONFLATED) {
                repeat(5) { index ->
                    send(index * 2)
                    delay(100)
                    println("Sent")
                }
            }

        delay(1000)
        for (element in channel) {
            println(element)
            delay(1000)
        }
    }

// Sent
// (0.1 sec)
// Sent
// (0.1 sec)
// Sent
// (0.1 sec)
// Sent
// (0.1 sec)
// Sent
// (1 - 4 * 0.1 = 0.6 sec)
// 8

버퍼 오버플로일 때

전달되지 않은 원소 핸들러

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public fun <E> Channel(
    capacity: Int = RENDEZVOUS,
    onBufferOverflow: BufferOverflow = BufferOverflow.SUSPEND,
    **onUndeliveredElement: ((E) -> Unit)? = null**
): Channel<E> =
    when (capacity) {
        RENDEZVOUS -> {
            if (onBufferOverflow == BufferOverflow.SUSPEND)
                BufferedChannel(RENDEZVOUS, onUndeliveredElement) // an efficient implementation of rendezvous channel
            else
                ConflatedBufferedChannel(1, onBufferOverflow, onUndeliveredElement) // support buffer overflow with buffered channel
        }
        CONFLATED -> {
            require(onBufferOverflow == BufferOverflow.SUSPEND) {
                "CONFLATED capacity cannot be used with non-default onBufferOverflow"
            }
            ConflatedBufferedChannel(1, BufferOverflow.DROP_OLDEST, onUndeliveredElement)
        }
        UNLIMITED -> BufferedChannel(UNLIMITED, onUndeliveredElement) // ignores onBufferOverflow: it has buffer, but it never overflows
        BUFFERED -> { // uses default capacity with SUSPEND
            if (onBufferOverflow == BufferOverflow.SUSPEND) BufferedChannel(CHANNEL_DEFAULT_CAPACITY, onUndeliveredElement)
            else ConflatedBufferedChannel(1, onBufferOverflow, onUndeliveredElement)
        }
        else -> {
            if (onBufferOverflow === BufferOverflow.SUSPEND) BufferedChannel(capacity, onUndeliveredElement)
            else ConflatedBufferedChannel(capacity, onBufferOverflow, onUndeliveredElement)
        }
    }

팬아웃(Fan-out)

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@OptIn(ExperimentalCoroutinesApi::class)
private fun CoroutineScope.produceNumbers() =
    produce {
        repeat(10) {
            delay(100)
            send(it)
        }
    }

private fun CoroutineScope.launchProcessor(
    id: Int,
    channel: ReceiveChannel<Int>,
) = launch {
    for (msg in channel) {
        println("#$id received $msg")
    }
}

suspend fun main(): Unit =
    coroutineScope {
        val channel = produceNumbers()
        repeat(3) { id ->
            delay(10)
            launchProcessor(id, channel)
        }
    }

// #0 received 0
// #1 received 1
// #2 received 2
// #0 received 3
// #1 received 4
// #2 received 5
// #0 received 6
// #1 received 7
// #2 received 8
// #0 received 9

팬인(Fan-in)

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private suspend fun sendString(
    channel: SendChannel<String>,
    text: String,
    time: Long,
) {
    while (true) {
        delay(time)
        channel.send(text)
    }
}

fun main() =
    runBlocking {
        val channel = Channel<String>()
        launch { sendString(channel, "foo", 200L) }
        launch { sendString(channel, "BAR!", 500L) }
        repeat(50) {
            println(channel.receive())
        }
        coroutineContext.cancelChildren()
    }

// (200 ms)
// foo
// (200 ms)
// foo
// (100 ms)
// BAR!
// (100 ms)
// foo
// (200 ms)
// ...

파이프라인

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@OptIn(ExperimentalCoroutinesApi::class)
private fun CoroutineScope.numbers(): ReceiveChannel<Int> =
    produce {
        repeat(3) { num ->
            send(num + 1)
        }
    }

@OptIn(ExperimentalCoroutinesApi::class)
private fun CoroutineScope.square(numbers: ReceiveChannel<Int>) =
    produce {
        for (num in numbers) {
            send(num * num)
        }
    }

suspend fun main() =
    coroutineScope {
        val numbers = numbers()
        val squared = square(numbers)
        for (num in squared) {
            println(num)
        }
    }

// 1
// 4
// 9

통신의 기본 형태로서의 채널

실제 사용 예

요약